In recent years, global CPG and retail leaders have started to realize that the boldest growth opportunities lie not in adding SKUs or promotions, but in re-engineering the shelf itself. As online shopping raises the bar for clarity and personalization, in-store environments must evolve to match the pace.
A decade ago, large-format retail was showing signs of strain. Shoppers were overwhelmed by walls of similar products, promotions were losing their edge, and the once-reliable growth of hypermarkets was slowing. While the retail landscape has since shifted to include e-commerce and omnichannel journeys, the same underlying question remains urgent today: how do you design shopping environments that truly match the way people make decisions?
One of the earliest voices to identify this gap was Sandy Yang, now Director of North America Skincare Strategy & Planning at Procter & Gamble. While behavioral economics had already transformed areas like public health and digital advertising, Yang saw that in-store merchandising was still treated more as an art than a science.
“Consumers rarely spend more than a few seconds deciding at the shelf,” she observed. “If we ignore the psychology of how people scan, process, and choose, we risk losing them altogether.”
That perspective led to the creation of Shopper-Based Design 4.0 (SBD 4.0), a framework Yang spearheaded during her tenure in China. Built directly on insights from shopper psychology, SBD 4.0 introduced decision-tree mapping (reflecting the order in which shoppers narrow choices), brand-blocking to reduce cognitive overload, and a visual flow insiders dubbed the “Golden Waterfall,” guiding the eye in a predictable top-to-bottom, left-to-right rhythm.
The results were measurable. By the late 2010s, a number of leading international and domestic retailers in China began piloting shopper centric design principles in their categories. Internal data from that period showed shelf productivity rising by around five percent on average, and flagship brands such as Olay and Head & Shoulders reported strong sales momentum. For shoppers, the redesigned shelves translated into what they described as easier navigation and clearer choices in the aisle.By making shopping simpler and more delightful, this approach drives higher in-store conversion and fuels category growth. Retailers gain new users, shoppers trade up to more premium choices, and value is created across the board
The ripple effect extended beyond hair care. Similar behavioral-design approaches soon appeared in categories like body wash and personal care, signaling that shopper psychology had moved from the margins of retail theory to the center of FMCG practice. Analysts today describe SBD 4.0 as an early marker of a global shift: the rise of decision-science retailing.
Looking back, Yang frames the lesson in forward-looking terms. “Online shopping raised the bar for clarity and personalization. People expect physical shelves to work just as intuitively,” she says. “That expectation hasn’t gone away—it’s only intensified. Shopper-based design is not a one-time project; it’s the foundation for the future of retail.”
(Written by Jessie Epstein)
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