We don’t often wonder why we live in a world of three dimensions that is governed by the laws of physics. The question of why space is three-dimensional (3D) and since ancient Greece why not some other number of dimensions has puzzled scientists being searched. This topic is very much related to many subjects like physics, mathematics and some people even relate this to religions, and this has increased more interest in researching this further.
A number of researchers in the fields of science and philosophy have done an extensive research on the issue of the three-dimensional nature of space. Dr. Hua Ma did an outstanding research based on a physical model of the universe dimensionality with a perfect example. This is the first time that the number ‘three’ of the space dimensions arises as the optimization of a physical quantity from basic principles.”
In a new article published in American Journal of Modern Physics, researcher Dr. Hua Ma have explained why space is three-dimensional (3D) and the author is grateful to the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 61331005), and the Innovation Team of Shaanxi province (Grant No.2014KCT-05).
Here, the researchers made an in-depth analysis of the problem, and finally gave a conclusion: that for any vector space with symmetry, orthogonality, homogeneity and completeness, the space dimension must be three on condition that: the energy obeys the law of conservation, the dynamics law is governed by the covariance principle, and thus the cross-product must can be defined in the space. Our space just meets and requires the above constraints, and the effective solution of the spatial dimension equation established based on the above constraints is three, so its dimension is three.
The significance of this work is that: firstly, author has answered the question that why our space is three dimensional; secondly, draw a conclusion that the physical field must have two patters, which is very important to the study of other physical field; and thirdly, have proved the self-consistency between the covariance principle, space-time symmetries and tensor forms, opening up a road to perfecting the axiomatic system of modern physics.
The key idea is that space discussed here is our living space, with dimension issues, the difference between classical mechanics and relativistic mechanics is not considered, because of that conclusions from these two mechanics are dependable. According to energy conservation law, that any physical field should consist of two patters and then, using this conclusion and the covariance principle of physics, helped in getting the expressions and structural features of the field tensor, and consequently draw the conclusion that our space must be three dimensional.
Researcher explains the grouping of the derivations, the conclusions drawn from two mechanism principles that have been proved by experiments and physical theories.
The first principle is the law of conservation of energy. The conclusion arrived is that the physical field must have two patters, and should be able to foresee the time variation relationship between the two patters. On this account from a different point of view, the law of conservation of energy is the symbol of space-time symmetry, so regarding it as the basic principle is more meaningful to reveal space-time attributes. The second principle is the covariance principle of the law of physics. On the basis of it, predict the tensor representation of the physical field. This tensor representation will have axial vectors and polar vectors, and also covariant representations with anti-symmetric forms. At last combining these two principles, the conclusion drawn is that our space must be three dimensional, and from another point of view, the same conclusion is drawn that our space is a vector space in which cross-product can be defined, and thus the dimension of our space must be three.
Author concludes that our space is three dimensional and it is a universally acknowledged fact but there is no reasonable physical explanation heretofore. However, based on the accepted physical principles, this article by researcher Hua Ma gives the theoretical explanation of this question.
For more information: article available as – Hua Ma. A Physical Explanation on Why Our Space Is Three Dimensional published in American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 6, No. 6, 2017, pp. 122-126.
About Dr. Hua Ma:
Hua Ma, The College of Science, Air Force University of Engineering, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China. Professor of Physics in China, and doctoral supervisor in Physical Electronics. As a leader of Shaanxi innovation team of major research on metamaterial design and application, his researches are supported by national natural science foundation of China, talent project from Education Ministry, and Shaanxi youth science and technology innovation leading talent training plan. Owing to the excellence of the work, he was awarded the first prize in natural science by the Ministry of Education, the national excellent doctoral dissertation award, and the excellent academic dissertation in Shaanxi natural science. Mainly engaged in the research of metamaterial design and applications, and theoretical physics. By now, 1 monograph was written, more than 120 SCI papers were published, and H factor is 20. Especially in theoretical physics research: (1) The dual patter theory of physical field was put forward and the space dimension equation was established, and thus a physical explanation for why our space is three dimensional was proposed; (2) Based on the Hamiltonian canonical equations of classical mechanics, a generalized quantum dynamic equation was established, which provides a theoretical basis for the derivation of Schrodinger equation; (3) A analytical expression of Planck constant was presented, and based on this expression, the de Broglie relation was derived theoretically, and the variability of Planck constant in gravitational field was predicted.
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